Physical infrastructures are monitored and controlled using instrumentation and control systems. Instrumentation monitors the processes and control systems control the physics. I have not used the term “critical infrastructure” as these issues apply to any physical infrastructure. Yet, instrumentation and the physics of the processes are often ignored as the focus of security experts is on defending networks. These gaps can, and have, led to a lack of process safety, system reliability, and resiliency. As an example, there is an international industrial network draft standard addressing functional SAFETY that has not addressed cyber security but will probably be approved anyway.
